Choose one scene or incident Essay

Choose one scene or incident, which seems to you to be of crucial importance in the development of the play. Explain its importance and outline the dramatic consequences of decisions which are made or events which take place. Hamlet is a play which seems to me to have an incident of crucial importance which has dramatic consequences. This incident occurs in Act III, scene III, where the King Claudius is kneeling in thought, too guilty to pray to God. This provides Hamlet with the key opportunity to put an end to his procrastination and kill the King to seek revenge, yet Hamlet does not act. This inaction has many dramatic consequences, one of which eventually is Hamlet’s own death. From the outset, Hamlet has been conveyed as a fairly sensitive young adult, he is very indecisive and for much of the play, struggles between his duty and his conscience. Hamlet is a thinker, and this may in fact, have proved to be his downfall. He finds spontaneity impossible and tortures himself with his thoughts from Act I scene V, where his father tells him of his uncle’s actions and begs for revenge to be sought, until the final scene, where Hamlet finally takes action. Although depressed and upset about his father’s death and his mother’s hasty marriage, Hamlet is completely devastated by the news that his father’s ghost brings him. He was already angry at his mother and disliked his new step father as he saw him to not be fit for comparison with his father â€Å"So excellent a King, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr† This also shows just how high a regard he had for his father, he has obviously acquired this view of perfection where his father is concerned and we cannot help feeling that this must be exaggerated. Hamlet’s initial reaction to the news that his father was murdered was shock and then anger which soon turned into unease about what he should do. Hamlet wishes to seek revenge, but his nature makes this difficult, it simply is not in his nature to plot and kill someone in cold blood. So whilst struggling with this decision he removes himself from suspicion by feigning madness. During this time of thought (mostly during Act II) Hamlet becomes very depressed and moody, he also contemplates suicide on more than one occasion â€Å"To be or not to be† yet cannot tackle his conscious even for a decision over this. Hamlet then, becomes angered by the moving acting of a player, he finds fault in everything about himself and feels cowardly for not yet having taken any action. The only action to result from this is another plan which enables him to procrastinate even further. He decides that he cannot trust this ghost in case it is in fact an evil daemon and puts on a play to find the truth through his uncle’s reaction. This plan works and leads to the incident which could have changed the play entirely. Hamlet feels he cannot kill his uncle at this time, there is dramatic irony in that the reader knows that Claudius is in fact not at prayer, as he feels he cannot talk to God, so Hamlet has really been provided with the perfect opportunity to seek revenge for his father. Yet another reason Hamlet does not act may be the fact he was on his way to see his mother, At one time Hamlet had an incredibly close relationship with his mother, maybe he views trying to convert his mother as higher in priority than seeking revenge. Either way, Hamlet does not act and this leads to many dramatic consequences. Hamlet, then carries onto his mother’s chamber, still with the rage that he felt after the confirmation of his father’s murder. He then has an in depth talk with his mother. Hearing a noise which was made by Polonius who was spying on the conversation, Hamlet strikes without thinking and kills Polonius. Hamlet was able to act here due to the lack of time or thought to allow a conscience decision, this was not a premeditated murder like the one which his father’s ghost asked of him. Hamlet could not have possibly seen the effect that his actions would have. Ophelia, whom he had once cared for, and had also greatly upset during his time of feigning madness, was driven to despair by both the rejection of her lover and death of her father. She firstly went mad and then died as a result of it. She did not fully commit suicide but lost the will to strive to live. When Hamlet found out about Ophelia’s death he was overwhelmed with grief and guilt which he then turned into anger and fought with Laertes in Ophelia’s grave. The killing of Polonius also had a â€Å"knock on effect† with Laretes, he was already irate and vengeful because of his fathers murder, this was greatly heightened when he heard of his sister’s death. With this wish for revenge on Hamlet, Laertes played straight into the hands of Claudius and became nothing more than his pawn. Laertes had a completely different nature from Hamlet in that he found no qualms in acting instantly when he hears of his fathers murder, he had one aim and that is revenge â€Å"To cut his throat i’ the’ church† this contrasts greatly with Hamlet as he wouldn’t even kill Claudius when he suspected he was at prayer. The King hatched a plan to kill Hamlet, he couldn’t do this publicly as he was very popular with the subjects of Denmark. The duel scene is very dramatic and becomes the climax of the play, and this situation would never have been reached the point where practically everyone dies if Hamlet had simply used his opportunity in Act III scene III, and hadn’t hesitated.

Big Families Essay

Do you think there were more advantages or disadvantages to being part of a large family in the past? I think that there are advantages but also disadvantages.  It is an advantage because the family is a present that God gives to us for all the life, we have to take care of it and make it stronger as the years pass ; they are our support always, in good and bad moments, even when we don’t ask for help they are there giving a hand. We can count with them at all times, with no exceptions because there is a blood tie but also, and more important, there is an affective bond; which is stronger than any other link in the world. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages too. see more:disadvantages of small family When there is a conflict in the family, people can separate for a while because you need to calm down, take a breath and think the things well. Another weak point is to agree in a meeting point, because putting together a big amount of people is hard, taking into account the different activities and responsibilities of each individual; For example: In a birthday, in Christmas, for vacations or in any special date. I also consider that is a disadvantageous circumstance when we have a problem with a member of the family, and the rest of it starts criticizing you. Another difficulty can be presented when a family (mom and dad) have a lot of kids, and a bad economic situation, because of lack of food and lots of discomforts. In conclusion I can say that having a large family has a lot of benefits, but we have to deal with little problems that could be present with time.

Unit E-Commerce

There's a competition between businesses in who can get to the top, so the most amount of people ill see and even click on their website and their most likely to receive the most business. Search engines look for the search term entered within the sites they've collected. Searches are then listed in their determination Of how relevant the site's content is to the term entered. To make sure your site gets the most views as possible, you can pay to make sure that the site has priority and be at the top in searches on search engines, regardless of the amount of relevance to the term. It costs quite a bit of money but would be effective.Newsgroups and forums – Newsgroups and forums is an online discussion site where people from different places can create a conversation by posting messages. For example, Trapdoors is a website of people's reviews of places they have been around the world and has a travel forum where uses can share experience, gain people's opinions and get answers to questions and queries fast. Newsgroups and forums alike, can advertise to particular types of people, for example, a company selling clothing items, would advertise on a fashion forum. The websites URL can be posted on newsgroups and forums.This is a good way of promoting, and promoting to specific group people, great if your website is in the niche market. Also, if someone opens your site up and likes it, their likely to say their comments, however they may spread criticisms and negative comments. And it's notes newsgroups and forums that you can post your site to; its social media like Faceable. All these ways are completely free also, especially as other forms Of promotion like sponsorships can be very expensive. Banners and pop-ups – I'm sure you've seen banners and pop-ups, they come up onto your desktops and internet earaches.It's basically and image or short video and either runs along the top of the site, along the side or above the task. The video or image attract s people's attention, and nowadays if you hover over some, they expand over the whole page after three seconds. The adverts company and the site that allow the advert each make money when someone clicks on the advert and gets more and more whenever another person clicks on their site. Also, if you've used an e-commerce site before and you've looked at particular items, they will come up in banners, as it remembers that you liked that item, and rises to entice you to buy it.Spam -? This is an e-mail that is sent to lots of people at random to reach as many people as they can. However, nowadays, theirs soft are that you can use to filter spam out from you're inbox, so people don't end up opening viruses. If people don't have this software, but are aware of internet privacy and threats, they will become less likely to open e-mails from people they don't know. Companies get e-mails and other methods of contact, through many ways, such as signing up to something online, completing online surveys, or even through the phone.Effective user interface -? Having an effective user interface is essential in having a successful business as it means people that are not so able in working technology, can easily still work it. This gives the site more views as people will generally come back again. Maintaining the site may be easier to keep up also. Online customer loyalty – This is similar too shop having loyalty cards, as the e-commerce site hands out offers and deals. They work buy either, buying products and getting offers on those and similar products, a point system or a buy three and with you third you get something for free.Customers would be likely to use the site again, if it means free or discounts and would be less likely to leave if they know they'll get deals. Site names -? Website names are most effective when they are memorable or simple. For example, compartmented. Com, has a memorable advert that makes sure potential customers don't think its compartme ntalize. Com. Another example, are websites that are simple and suitable, with no dashes or weird spellings, such as Google. Co. UK or youth. Com. If names are complicated then possible customers may be lost, due to errors in typing which can lead o ending up on a rival site.

Thomson's paper" A Defense of Abortion" Essay

Thomson's paper" A Defense of Abortion" - Essay Example ally permissible even if we grant that a fetus is a person,† seems rather speculative, taking into account the fact that author herself stresses that in many cases abortion is impermissible - until it is about saving mother’s life or aborting a child of violation. Second, the article is an author’s response for responses of other authors and is just a part of a bigger dialogue that can not be estimated totally, and thereby is taken out of context. And while responding to strict moralists, which stress that any of mentioned forward (raping or life-saving) reasons can be taken into account, author looks like an aggressive supporter of abortions. And this analysis would be made with these facts considered. The first, author is flouncing between moral and legal issues. At first she addresses human nature, asking about human wish to be unwillingly bound to someone else, the attention is concentrated on aspect of a free will, and the good nature of it is being preserved. Then focus of attention of the reader switches to an issue of â€Å"whether a human law can oblige human behave humanly†. Thereby a person, who protects her right to choose a way to use her body, is thus can be considered right by the logic and common sense, eventually turns out â€Å"immoral and bad, but still legal†. This way it turns out that the human rights protected by logic and human rights protected by law are way different. Thomson calls the thing, which she claims right, both good and bad. That serves well to my presumption of an ambivalent nature of an article. The second: author is contradicting herself. Thus in the first part of the text she acts emotionally, like speculating on person’s wish to protect own health and property, sympathy to a boy, who had been deprived of his candies, etc. She manipulates with human greed, self-defence reflexes, contradicts the hypocrisy of the opponent: everything that seems quite appropriate in a dialogue with â€Å"goodies†, but looks radical in the

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Criminal Justice - Essay Example rce of profit for the organized crime operators is the supply of certain illegal goods and services such as drugs, gambling, pornography, and prostitution. Regardless of any regulation or social barriers, they operate illegal business with little ethical concern. In addition to money, power and prestige also becomes the associated objectives of criminals. Another notable feature of the organized crime is that it is being operated with all characteristics of a legitimate business following specific organizational hierarchy of their own. For instance, there will be a CEO, manager, sometimes an HR director and so forth to operate the business in a regular manner. According to Shelley (2002) today terrorism and transnational crime are the two central threats to our national and international integrity. He describes the linkage of the two as follows; Furthermore, members of the organized crime groups maintain high level of professionalism in their work. They seldom compromise with situational constraints, and are exceedingly committed to their assigned goals. This appreciable (?) professional approach to work has enabled many groups to become powerful enough to influence the industrial sectors and even the economy of many of the developed countries. Like any other legitimate organization they also promote or degrade their members according to their level of performance, outstanding achievements, and potential. On the other hand, it is highly sensitive in its way of responding to failures or treachery. It tends to persuade members to be the part of group for whole life so that it can ensure secrecy. If anyone goes beyond the determined limits they can be punished instantly or might encounter death. The organized crime groups also have created national and international linkage with other rebellious groups like terrorists. Organized crime affects the social, economic, and political stability of the every nation. Since there are no unanimous criteria or international

Networking Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Networking Technologies - Essay Example Fiber Cable: This is a generic term used for both plastic and glass fiber-optic cables. There are numerous types of fiber cables with varying characteristics. Fiber-optic cabling is used for high-speed communications in many areas with very high-speed communications requirements. Some cables can handle Gbps over long distances. Microwaves: A communications satellite is really a microwave relay station 22,300 miles in space. It orbits the Earth at that altitude because thats the altitude that an orbiting object circles the Earth every 24 hours, the same time it takes Earth to make one revolution. Before satellites were used for communications, all signals had to be carried over land, via microwave repeater stations, spaced about the 30 miles apart on mountains, requiring hundreds of such towers. They had to be "in line of sight" of one another, because microwaves cant travel through trees, mountains or buildings. LAN: (Local Area Network) a group of computers linked together in close proximity such as a building, a suite of offices, or even a single room. Due to the limited size of the network, data is usually transferred rapidly. This arrangement is useful in business for the sharing of information. Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) first developed by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe and D.R. Boggs while working for Xerox in the 1970s. WAN: a computer network that encompasses a large geographical area and is made up of two or more LANs. The network may be connected by telephone wire, cable or satellite. The Internet is the largest WAN known. Home & Small Business: This is usually an application of LAN which is commonly used by home users. People connect computers at close proximity within their homes or businesses with a relatively small setup through cheap media like twisted pair or coaxial cabling. International Networks: These networks connect different countries and can span over the entire globe like the Internet.

Expansion and Merger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expansion and Merger - Research Paper Example But empirical evidence points to the fallacy of this theory. As it is, government intervention is only sought when there is a major economic crisis, like during the 2008 Wall Street crash. It is a bit unfair for the general population that tax-payer money is doled out to greedy corporations when they are in trouble. At the same time, during the boom their behavior is not regulated in the name of Laissez-faire. The activities of the financial services industry being the cause for the current economic slowdown, it would be prudent to call for greater government regulation in this area. The prospects and possibilities of Armor Bank for further expansion will have to be weighed in the broader context of the stability and long-term sustainability of the economy. 2. Justify the rationale for the intervention of government in the market process in the U.S. The American economy had always seen cycles of boom and bust. It is fair to say that the domestic and economic policies framework of var ious American Presidents of past have been generally business friendly and thereby been lax on regulation. The most recent economic crisis witnessed across the world was precipitated by financial institutions in the United States. The collapse of the Lehman Brothers in 2008 brought to light the reckless and greedy decision making of top executives in this industry, leading to the inevitable collapse. In this context, the idea of regulation as a legislative means to â€Å"encourage the things society as a whole likes (such as economic development) and discourage the things it doesn't (thus, the sin tax)† (Rosenzweig, 2007) is the way to go. As globalization and technology advance, â€Å"financial institutions become the focus of additional regulation; new regulations might be seen as a way of thwarting money laundering, achieving community development goals, or channelling credit to needy borrowers, for example. Such uses are legitimate reasons that lead regulation toward its true mission - to help establish the boundaries within which an industry can operate." (Jordan, 2001) In the prevailing regulatory environment in the United States, there are only limited hurdles for corporate consolidation. This means that there is a constant flux of merger & acquisition activities in corporate America. But such a free reign had not helped strengthen the general economy, beyond the private sector. Hence, there is credence to the view that greater control should be exerted over M&A activities. This is especially true with respect to the financial services sector that bears major culpability for the current decline of the economy. 3. Assuming that the merger faces some threats and that the industry decides on self-expansion as an alternative strategy, describe the additional complexities that would arise under this new scenario of expansion via capital projects. Expansion via capital projects is a relatively more challenging exercise than finding opportunities for m ergers. Yet, this could be achieved via starting operations in new and unexplored verticals within the financial services sector. In the context of Armor Bank, if the company could consolidate itself into a financial holding company, new opportunities for growth beckon, including â€Å"banking and insurance, investment and commercial banking, mortgage banking, trusts, and annuities†¦even the lines between banking and commerce blur." (Jordan, 2001) But managing a broad portfolio will bring

CTV Building in Christchurch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CTV Building in Christchurch - Essay Example This paper approves that it is clear from the above discussion that the CTV building collapsed due to the inadequate quality of the structure and design. Moreover, several issues such as lack of an effective decision making process, poor supervision processes and unethical business and operation practices are responsible for this collapse. After the 2010 earthquake government of New Zealand appointed the Christchurch City Council to inspect the safety standards of the CTV building. There was a chance for survival, but the Christchurch City Council appointed an inexperienced engineering supervision team. The owner and shareholders could have arranged for a better review process. This report makes a conclusion that the CTV building collapse was the major consequence of the Christchurch earthquake in 2011. From the above discussion, it can be stated that several reasons are responsible for this collapse. Inadequate design and quality of structure are the major reasons behind this incident. Government tried to arrange an investigation process in respect of the CTV building by appointing the City Council. However, inadequate decision making of the Christchurch City Council and the poor review process by the inexperienced engineers forced the council to give a green sticker. The Government of New Zealand along with IPENZ and the Royal Commission are trying to find out the real reason behind the collapse of the CTV building through several private investigation processes. ... It is true that the CTV building got a green sticker after the 2010 earthquake despite the critical situation of the building. Although the building was not eligible for a yellow sticker, signalling authorities and the group of engineers gave a green signal to the building in order to achieve a huge profit margin. In any earthquake prone zone, a building is to be designed according to the guidelines imposed by the government of that state. There were a number of people who were engaged in the designing of the building. There were chiefly three main entities: the designer of the building, the company that the designer represented, and the other management individuals of the company. The design component had two parts. The Structural Engineer was David Harding under the brand of Alan Reay Consultants Ltd and Alun Wilke Associates Architects was the architectural firm who had been employed for the construction of the building. Gerald Shirtcliff, who supervised the construction in the na me of William Fisher, did not have a degree in engineering. Harding used to work under the guidance of Alan Reay, the owner of the firm. During the establishment of the building, the CTV building did not meet the standards. On the other hand, the principle engineer and the owner did not follow the regulations or legal aspects during the review process. Alan Ray was the principle engineer of this building. He did poor supervision and passed the review report to the structural engineer. However, the owners and stakeholders did not even bother to review the building plans or rectify the challenges and issues accordingly. The government of New Zealand took one wrong decision by appointing the City Council for the investigation of the property. It was the key

J.S. Bach's Cantata 91 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

J.S. Bach's Cantata 91 - Essay Example It will be shown how Bach used the different orchestration techniques to illustrate the differences of emotion and the development of the life of Jesus. There are the use of voices, instrumentation and the use of the words of the Cantata to bring this beautiful piece together. The words of the Cantata were taken from the writings of Martin Luther. In the 16th century, he based his liturgical melodies partly on melodies from the middle ages in the 14th century. It is not known who wrote some of the hymn. One must note that Germany was not a Catholic country. The leise or (hymn) "Gelobet seist du Jesu Christ" was used to replace psalm chorals before sermons at Christmas time.(www.bach-cantatas.com So it was an appropriate title for Bach to use. Bach uses three of the verses. "Jesus was born as a human being and became the Son of God. He is eternal as he is humble as he was born from flesh and blood. We should thank him eternally." He adds an additional 2 verses at the beginning and end (2,3,2). The cantata tells a story of Jesus birth thus the Christmas Cantata. There are 6 movements but 7 verses. Each movement is attached with the use of Kyrie Eleison as the last phrase. The orchestration is typical for his Cantatas - chorus, strings, 3 oboes, 1 bassoon, 3 trumpets, continuous and 1 oboe de cacia) The use of trumpets and oboes was to give contrast to the voices in color, texture and tonal variation. The beginning is a time of praise and joy with the birth of Jesus. In the Overture, there is an long instrumental introduction. The opening choral sings "Gelobet seist du Jesu Christ". The instrumentation introduction is intertwined with the choral. This differs from the heavy choruses of composers like Handel in the Messiah. The horns intertwine with the strings and the voices to show the joy of the birth and Mary and the angels. The choral sings a three note motif which is then used to unite the Cantata The first part as other verses end with the common use of Kyri e Eleison or in German Kirieleis (Our Lord). The 2 techniques are used to join the movements: the use of the Kyrie Eleison and the second point is the music technique of using a motif which is first introduced by the choral in the first verse and then used to join each of the verses. In line 4 and 5, it is used by the choral. The second movement is sung with a soprano recitative answered by a soprano choral (4 out of the 5 phrases) showing Jesus, the son of God is still in bodily form. The strings are used with the continuous only. Bach joins the last phrase with the word Kirieleis to be sung. Jesus has divine power. In the composition, accompanied recitative movement is used in and this is because we are able to get the emotions that are relayed and also the tonal variation are able to depict the support to the song and also the different voices that are used shows and proves that it is not dry but accompanied recitative. The three note theme is carried on by the strings. The third movement start to give form to the Cantata: instruments, recitative, instruments. The oboe introduction will trills and the bassoon are used as an accompaniment. The tenor comes as a solo but sings with the instruments. The constant movement of the instruments gives life. Jesus is maintaining life from Mary in the manger. The three note motif is repeated by the bass but the rhythm is jumpy. Is he the son of

Lab 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab 5 - Essay Example However, when the value of frequency was upped to 100, as in image 5, the amplitude of spectrum obtained was more distantly spaced when compared to those previous images with frequencies 5 and 50. Overall, the experiment proves differences/ changes in wavelength when frequencies are altered. In addition, the experiment Fourier offers better insight regarding waves. The images highlighted above are those of frequency wavelength cycles of 20.5, 60 and 100 that are found in the direction of X. Proportional to the frequency value/ strength applied the 2 dots found on the right portion of the images are variously spaced. This is seen the three images 7, 8 and 9 where images 8 and 9 which have superior frequencies exhibit greater spacing between the two dots that image 7 that has frequency 20.5. Image 9 has the greatest spacing therefore, as is clearly seen. This test demonstrates that waves are not found in the direction of Y but are situated along the X direction. The images shown have two spikes divided by the Fourier transform and the image and are exhibited as two different frequencies. As observed in image 10, there exist spikes frequencies which are low at 5.5. In image 11, spikes are of high frequency, at 30.5 with two waves above 0. The first of these waves above 0 is parallel to the low waves of frequency at 5.5 and the second one also parallel but to the waves of frequencies that are high at 30.5. Moreover, the spikes on the positive section resemble mirror images of those on the negative part as observed in the images 11, 13, 15. Image 13 and 12 additionally depict the same outcome as above when their values of N1 is 5.5 and that of N2 is 70.5. This implies simply that more brightness is obtained with increase in frequency. Contrarily, image 14 and image 15 with N1 being 20 and N2 at 22 do not result in frequencies that are good as the waves move and stop repeatedly (as observable in the images). To counteract this

Analyse the attempts by the EU to allievate the inherent problems of Essay

Analyse the attempts by the EU to allievate the inherent problems of establishing a single market within the Financial Services - Essay Example As a result, the integration process had to take a more heightened effort to ensure it was fruitful. The Commission published a White Paper in 1985, whereby the enabling instrument was the Single European Act (the SEA). The aim of this Act was to remove the non-tariff barriers and to encourage free movement of capital and labor by 1993. It was also agreed that discrimination by all means should cease (House of Lords, 2008, p. 33). The non-tariff barriers Although the European Commission was hell bent on establishing a single market, not much had been achieved by 1980s. Furthermore, by the mid - 1980s, most of the aims of the Rome treaty had not been attained despite the first stage of integration having been completed. Actually, non-tariff barriers were reported to have increased between 1975 and 1985 despite all these efforts. It was thereby realized that a strategy was needed to strengthen the integration among members (Canoy, Liddle and Smith, n.d, p. 3). The Single European Act h ad, in mind, three major types of non-tariff obstacles to factor mobility and trade, which inspired its objectives. The first was the physical barriers, whose formation was as a result of controls and customs formalities (House of Lords, 2008, p. 29). Its aim included moving administrative checks away from the borders and ensuring their processes were simplified, development of a common policy on transport, as well as removal of all internal controls and frontiers on capital and people. The second type was technical barriers, which encompasses the various technical product specifications. Its purpose was to harmonize regulations or to create mutual identification of standards of each member country; to institute the correspondence of qualifications; and to dismantle exchange controls. The third type was fiscal barriers, which was characterized by a very complex process of tax rates harmonization particularly in relation to the corporation and indirect taxes. Also, the SEA placed emp hasis on the suitability of allowing free trade on each member country’s public purchasing, which encompassed incorporation of social charter and application of competition. Nevertheless, there was no reliable arrangement for tackling the differences in respect to the external trade policy and a policy on subsidies was not clearly spelt out. It was also not clear, how harmonization could lead to mutual recognition in regards to the achievement of the single market (Eichacker and Amherst, n.d., p. 4). The banking industry The banking industry, among other financial sectors, was greatly regulated and it was characterized by diversified regulatory practices. Essentially, barriers to the supply of overseas services presented more problems than location-related barriers. In some countries, financial institution and non-resident banks were restricted in their rights to do business with residents, by stringent laws and regulations (House of Lords, 2008, p. 36). The first Banking Dir ective instructed members to set up systems for supervising and authorization of banks as well as other credit institutions. This directive, also, led to the requirement that these financial institutions should get licensed to be recognized. In addition, licensing accorded the financial

Cross Cultural by Hofstede Essay Example for Free

Cross Cultural by Hofstede Essay â€Å"Culture is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others† Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. He analyzed a large data base of employee values scores collected by IBM between 1967 and 1973 covering more than 70 countries, from which he first used the 40 largest only and afterwards extended the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions. Subsequent studies validating the earlier results have included commercial airline pilots and students in 23 countries, civil service managers in 14 counties, up-market consumers in 15 countries and elites in 19 countries. In the 2010 edition of the book â€Å"Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind†, scores on the dimensions are listed for 76 countries, partly based on replications and extensions of the IBM study on different international populations. Dimensions of National Culture The values that distinguished countries from each other could be grouped statistically into four clusters. These four groups became the Hofstede dimensions of national culture: Power Distance (PDI) Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS) Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) A fifth Dimension was added in 1991 based on research by Michael Bond who conducted an additional international study among students with a survey instrument that was developed together with Chinese employees and managers. That Dimension, based on Confucian dynamism, is Long-Term Orientation (LTO) and was applied to 23 countries. In 2010, research by Michael Minkov allowed to extend the number of country scores for this dimension to 93, using recent World Values Survey data from representative samples of national populations. In the 2010 edition of Cultures and organizations, a sixth dimension has been added, based on Michael Minkovs analysis of the World Values Survey data for 93 countries. This new dimension is called Indulgence versus Restraint. On 17 Jan 2011, Geert delivered a webinar for SIETAR Europe called New Software of the mind to introduce Cultures Organizations 3rd ed. Culture only exists by comparison The country scores on the dimensions are relative societies are compared to other societies. Without make a comparison a country score is meaningless. These relative scores have been proven to be quite stable over decades. The forces that cause cultures to shift tend to be global or continent-wide. This means that they affect many countries at the same time, so that if their cultures shift, they shift together, and their relative positions remain the same. The country scores on The Hofstede Dimensions can also be found to correlate with other data about the countries in question. Some examples: Power distance is correlated with income inequality in a country. Individualism is correlated with national wealth. Masculinity is correlated negatively with the percent of women in democratically elected governments. Uncertainty avoidance is associated with the legal obligation in developed countries for citizens to carry identity cards. Long-term orientation is correlated with school results in international comparisons.

Cultural Events in Penang as a Tourist Destination

Cultural Events in Penang as a Tourist Destination Pulau Pinang or Penang is one of the unique and attractive places in Malaysia with its many cultures which make Penang one of tourists favorite places and tourists attractions. Basically, Penang is famous for their food, religions, cultures and tourism site. According to the UNESCO Worlds Heritage Site of Georgetown says that there are many religions, cultures and foods in Penang, therefore they can blend it well together to make Penang one of the well known states in Malaysia [1]. There is press statement by YB Danny Law Heng Kiang the Penang State Exco for Tourism Development and Culture said that Penang is ranked in the third place under Kuala Lumpur, and Genting Highland (Pahang) for their tourism destination in Malaysia [1]. At first, Malacca is on top of Penang as tourism destination because they receive approximately 8.9 million tourist arrival in the year 2009. Unfortunately, that statement by Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen may be a mistake because as we can see from the table 2, Penang has more tourists arrival compare to Malacca [1]. According Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Penang is an island with an area of 108 sq mi/280 sq km and it is known as one of the busiest ports in the past and it is located in the straits of Malacca, on the North-West Coast of Malaysia. Penang is very famous for their beautiful beaches and islands, foods, cultural, religions and many more [2]. During 16th century, Portuguese merchants Penang was travel from Goa (India) to Far East search for spices, fresh water so they stopped in Penang. In 1786, Penang was very popular among the pirates because they steal ships that cross along Straits of Malacca. At one point, Penang became popular in 18th century and at the same time, Captain Francis Light enter to Penang and start to have good relationship with the locals and also the Sultan of Kedah in 1771. Unfortunately, at that moment itself Sultan of Kedah handed Penang to Captain Francis Light in order to get protection against the threats of Burmese and Siamese. After that, they called Penang as Prince of Wales Island and after the settlement; Sultan Abdullah found out that he is being cheated by the British by not willing to offer protection thus he gathered his army to retake Penang. Lastly, after extensive years of struggling between the locals and the British, Malaysia achieves independence in 31st August 1957 and Penang is one of the 13 states. Penang now is known as Pulau Pinang [3]. What is the Culture in Penang? The cultures in Penang are very unique and most of the tourists interested to know more about Penangs culture. In 2008, the population is Penang approximately 2 million on the island and 1 million is in Seberai Prai which consists of 42% Chinese, 41% Malay, 10% for Indian and also 5% for the Peranakan or Baba Nyonya. Baba Nyonyas culture in Penang is different from Malacca. Baba Nyonyas in Malacca can speak fluent Malay whereby in Penang, the Baba Nyonyas speaks mixture of Hokkien, Malay and English and most of the Baba Nyonyas in Penang still practice their Chinese religion and ancestral worshipping [4]. Basically, language that being spoken in Penang is Malay language whereby English and the Chinese (Hokkien) also being spoken widely in Penang. And lastly the Tamil language is being spoken by the tamils among their community. Next is the religion in Penang which most of the people believes such as Buddhist, Islam, Hindu, Christian, and many more. Basically, Buddhism is one of the main religions in Penang whereby Islam still the official religion of the state. As you can see that Penangs culture is a mixture of Malay, Chinese Indian and it is very interesting for tourists attractions [4]. Furthermore, Penang is famous for their food and this is one of the Penangs cultures. The food in Penang can easily get almost everywhere and anytime in Penang. According the time magazine in 2004, Penang has been the best street food in Asia. Penang is the only place to find such a wonderful, tasty and nice food and also it is so cheap compared to Kuala Lumpur and sometimes people called Penang is the food heaven to eat. The food in Penang is an assortment of Chinese, Nyonya, Malay, India, Thai cuisine. There in Penang also famous for the hawkers food which they sell and served by the road side [4]. Besides that, one of the reason why Penang famous is because they have various of events and festivals that they celebrates such as Penang International Dragon Boat Festival, Chin-gay, Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Thaipusam, Chinese New Year, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more. These festivals would attract many tourists from all over the world to come and experience throughout the festivals. Moreover, it would be nice if tourists from Malaysia or outside Malaysia to give support and celebrates together in these interesting events. The international dragon boat festival usually held around June and July during the school holidays. Chingay is one of the famous cultural events in penang because it is being celebrated because of the birthday of Kuan Yin or the Goodness of Mercy. Normally, this event is being celebrated every year and attracts tourists as far from United States, Japan, South Africa and also Netherlands. Chingay festival is a parade which teams of people wil l show their skills at balancing 40 foot bamboo flagpoles on their body such as heads, shoulder, hands, and knees. And lastly, Pesta Pulau Pinang is one of the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. Pesta Pulau Pinang is a carnival that being celebrated in December and it always be lively, happening and colorful carnival every year. There would have a lots of activity includes open air concerts, variety shows, food bazaars, fun fairs, pet shows, exhibitions, games and many more [5]. What is an event? Basically events is about to have a particular function or to inform our guest that when some exciting things is going to happen and going to celebrate. For example, book launches weddings, concerts, carnivals and many more. It is more like a preparations for that particular functions to make it runs smoothly and beautifully. It starts from the PA systems, music, VIP rooms, foods, red carpet, guests and many more [6]. Cultural events that being celebrated by in Penang Penang is famous for their cultures, ethnicities, foods and festivals. Penangs has so many events and festivals that being celebrated throughout the year. Hence, the entire tourist from every parts of the world celebrates together with colorful happenings events in Penang. There are few festivals that being celebrated by all races in Penang such As Chinese New Year, International Dragon Boat Festival, Penang Beach Carnival, Penang Cultural Festival, Malaysia Festival and Pesta Pulau Festivals. The purpose all these festivals are held because is to gather everyone and celebrates the harmonious and unique multi culture in Penang. Many activities are held on the festivals example fashion parades, inter-hotel competition, performance, sell handicrafts, and many more [7]. 1.2 The Problem Statement The purpose of me choosing this topic is because as we can see Penang is developing to one of the leading tourism states. Cultural and events tourism is a product which is difficult to be tested first before use, so by having the cultural events in Penang can also gives Penang recognition as a world heritage site and will be portraying the cultural diversity of Penang. On top of that, by having cultural events and festivals in Penang can analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang. Besides that, tourists can come over and try to experience and spread the news to everyone out there about the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. There are few popular cultural events that being celebrated such as Thaipusam, Chap Goh Meh, St. Annes festival, hungry ghost festival and many more. Basically, Penang is famous for their cultural diversity where they preserve their own traditions and performing arts. On top of that, Penang has own tradition of street culture, cel ebrations, festivals, and ethnic groups and it will be the most unforgettable moments for the tourists who come and experience the festivals. Lastly, the Visit Calendar 2010 has their plans to make Penang as the active tourism sector. Research Objectives/ Aims The objective of this proposal is: To analyze the number of tourists inbounds to Penang during the cultural events celebration. To unite all people together to celebrate cultural events in Penang to support the slogan Satu Malaysia. To investigate the number of tourists that visit Penang according their nationalities. To determine the most favorable cultural events to the least popular and why? To study the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. By accumulating these results, we can determine whether to sustain, preserve or to promote cultural events or festivals for the coming years. Research Questions What are the number of tourists inbound to Penang in the 2009? Should Ministry of Tourism Malaysia encourage more cultural events celebrations in order to give Penang recognition as a world heritage site? Should we preserve, promote and sustain our cultural events in Penang in order to pull more tourists from all over the world? What the pull factors are for tourists to visits Penang every year? Hypothesis Statement Hypothesis statement for this topic would be that Penangs culture has a unique attribute that brings people together by having cultural events and festivals throughout the year. To boast those cultural events and festivals requires financial capital, intellectual capital, cultural capital and also social capital to run the events [8]. The existence of cultural events makes people understand other peoples culture better so that they can understand one and another as well as supporting our Malaysias motto which is Satu Malaysia. According to Datuk Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang says that they have to give 100% commitment to protect, preserve, sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang so that it can bring the people together and unite the culture and celebrate it collectively. These would reflect the multiracial people and well preserve culture and heritage which is being listed in UNESCO World Cultural and Heritage Site lately [9]. In the past 6 years, there were twelve countries affected by Tsunami disaster on 26th September 2004 and one of the countries is Malaysia. There were two states in Malaysia was affected by Tsunami which is Penang and Kedah. Both these areas lost everything during the tsunami disasters. At that time, most of the people or tourists are in fear for travelling to other countries. Most of the fishermans village in Kedah is destroyed by the tsunami. On top of that, Penangs tourism slightly decline due to this unwanted disaster. The Government, Corporate, NGOs, and also individuals contribute millions of dollars to help the victims accommodation, medical and many more [9]. Furthermore, there was a change in politics, economy and society due to the tsunami disaster. Penangs economy slightly decline because lacking of tourists from outside and inside the country. Tourists afraid to come and visits Penang thus not much activity or celebrations can we held during that particular period of timer [9]. As we know that the mass media plays important roles in promoting any advertisement doesnt matter in the website or in the daily newspaper. By promoting and advertise something in the website or newspaper, radio, television and so forth may increase the number of tourists who come to Penang. This is one of the strategies to pull tourists to come to Penang after the Tsunamis tragedy. There are some advertisements that may push tourists out of their state or country to come to Penang by having Cheap Air Flight to Penang inclusive Hotel Rooms. For example, in figure 1.0 and figure 1.1 show that Air Asia offer or promotes cheap flight tickets inclusive a room for the tourists as below as Rm1.00 [10]. Tourists can choose to fly either Penang, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. The travelling period for the tourists is at any time in July 1st 2011 to November 10th 2011. This is because we want more tourists to come to Penang for vacation and also at the same time we can promote differ ent cultural events and festivals that are being celebrating every month [10]. Furthermore, Penang State Tourism is promoting their state as by the campaign goes Visit Penang 2010-1012. So there are many kinds of activities and events is held for example Esplanade in Action- an Evening of Cultural Performance, Penang Sakura Blossom, Chinese New Year cruise-Lili Marleen and many more. Besides that, the food is one of the attractions besides cultural events in Penang for example, Thai Food Fiesta 2010, Penang Durian and Fruits Festivals, Pesta Pulau Pinang and many more. According to Natalie Lee, one of the students from University New South Wales stated that Facebook is one of the top growing social networking in the world nowadays which has more than 140 million users in the whole world. It allows us to find and communicate with our friends and share photos, promoting tourism sites and many more. Penang promotes their tourism sites through Facebook, websites, blogs and many more to pull tourists from every parts of the world. They can share photos, promote hotel rooms, flight tickets to Penang, and update latest events in penang and promote it to all their family members, friends and many more. It is one of the best ways to promote Penang to outsiders [11]. . Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Theoretical framework As what I have showed the conceptual framework below shows that the research is focus more on the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. It will be scoped into structural support and cultural infrastructure/ spaces for the cultural events. Next under structural support diagram it will be divided into few points such as handling promotions, ticketing, licensing, printing and distribution of flyers. Besides that, for the cultural infrastructure / spaces will be divided into two main points which is cultural hub and also communities. At the top part of the framework shows that some of the events and festivals that is being celebrated by all races in Penang. Cultural festivals that being celebrated in Penang is Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hungry Ghost Festival, Chingay, Bon Odori and many more. The purpose of celebrating these festivals is because to sustain and promote the cultural events in Penang thus promote it to tourists from every parts of the world. For the second phase of the framework, is the cultural infrastructure and spaces which can be divided into two parts which is cultural hub and communities. According to S.B.Tan, Professor School Of Art, University Sains Malaysia says that the cultural hub, is basically where the performances or festivals is going to carried out, for example museums, restaurants, and many more. Whereby, for the communities are basically about where the festivals or events should should be placed in areas where most of the people live,for example city in Georgetown or Balik Pulau. It would be much easier for the people in Penang to travel to those particular places to celebrate the events [12]. Moving on, on the third phase is the structural support for example handling promotion, ticketing, licensing, distribution flyers and printing. Conceptual framework Cultural Events Tourism For Penang Events and festivals Pesta Pulau Pinang Bon Odori Chingay Hungry Ghost Festival Cultural infrastructure/ spaces Communities It should be placed in areas where the people lives Eg: city of Georgetown or Balik Pulau. Cultural Hub where the performances/ festivals, events is going to carried out eg: museums, restaurants, and many more Scope and Limitations The scope for this study is mainly based on the Tourism Industry in Penang that is rapidly growing in this 21st century. The importance of this sector to the Malaysias economy is to pull more tourists to come and visits Penang through the 3 years campaign of the state government by promoting their VisitPenang 2010- 2012 [13]. According to hotel statistics, in 2008 [14], Penang received 6.3 million tourist inbounds excluding the excursionist who arrive on cruise or live with their family and friends. The figure is higher than previous year which is 5.1 million. Penang State Governments has a mission to target 10 million tourists in 2014 which is 4 years from now. Penangs most profitable income earner comes from tourism sector after manufacturing. According to Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, the number of local and international tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 is 48% international tourists whereby for the locals is 52% which comes up 4, 351,909 tourists overall. Every year, the numb er slightly increased doesnt matter it is international tourists nor local people. Regrettably, in 2009 the number of tourists declined sharply which is from 6,307,468 in 2008 but unfortunately in 2009, the number has dropped to 1,347,356 overall totals. Penang this is because Penang focuses more on developing medical tourism and eco-tourism in this few years [13]. This study will look at the statistics rate or the number of tourists come and visits Penang to celebrates and experience the cultural events and festivals thus food as well. There were limitation sources to find for this topic. To find for data and informations, researcher using Google Scholar with journals, articles, Pdftop.com, Kdu Library and online book. Some of the journals and articles need to be purchased or log in as a member in order to read the articles and journals. 1.8 Significance of the study Significance of studying this topic is to analyze the number of tourists inbounds in Penang during the cultural events celebrations whether it gives impacts towards Penangs economy or local environment. Besides that, it is important for us to know what is Penangs mission and target for the tourism sector. Currently, Penang is being ranked at no.4 in foreign and domestic tourists arrivals in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, Pahang and Sabah. YB Danny Law Heng Kiang, Chairman for the State Tourism Development Culture, Arts, and Heritage says that he really hopes one day Penang would be No.1 or No.2 in foreign and domestics tourists arrivals in Malaysia. According to statistics, the number of hotel guests is increasing rapidly from 68.8 million in 2008 compared to 61.6 in 2007 especially during the cultural events and festivals that being celebrated every month. It shows that the graph for tourism sector will increase every year [15]. Chapter 2 2.1 Literature Review Definition of cultural events Events are something that happens at a given place. An event is one of the top growing tourism industries and also most thrilling and yet it is connected to leisure. One of the reason why so many countries keeps on promoting their events so that they can pull more tourists from every parts of the world to come and visits their country. Basically, an event is more to persuade tourists to come or participate during their events and also can makes them stay longer in that particular area. According to Getz, events are one of the important roles in tourism industry because it can attract more tourists thus to fill up their free during their visits to that particular country (1991). Most of the tourists expects for festivals, events or attractions in a tourism destination. Events or festivals also can intensify tourists experience and perhaps can make tourists stay longer thus persuade them to extend their holidays in particular tourism destinations (Getz, 1991). Cultural events basically are for religious, public events such as arts, performances, crafts demonstrations, and many more (Richards, 1996).All the small towns are actively has cultural events for profit, or to boost the tourism industry (Goldblatt, 2002). Most of the tourists are attracted to unique cultural events and somehow they will participate when the event is held. Organizers would make the cultural events livelier to ensure that the tourists meet their satisfaction during the festivals thus to make sure that they gets more profit from the tourists. Why is it so because to increase the tourism industry and to promote our country to worldwide. 2.2 Statistics Rate Tourists Come to Penang Statistics plays important role in counting the number of tourists inbounds in Penang 2005 2009. How many tourists have been visiting Penang? To calculate and determine the actual statistics requires big costs of money to collect data, to analyze and to present it to the state government. The number of tourists visiting Penang announced by the Tourism Ministry is based on immigration cards filled with their profiles at the by visitors and have to show it at the port of entry. Tourists are freely to move everywhere within the country unless visitors did bad mistakes. According to Penang State Government, Penang has their own statistics rate number of international and local tourists arrivals in Penang in 2005 to march 2009. Within these 5 years, overall total number of tourists either locals or international is about 21, 881,848 people arrived in Penang .In 2005 the local tourists arrival is about 2,267532 people whereby the international tourists approximately about 2,084,377 people. Furthermore, the overall total number of tourists in 2006 is about 4,688,504 people which are in percentages 54% of local tourists and 46% of international visitors. Moving on, the overall total number of tourists arrivals in Penang in 2007 has increasing compared to year before which is 2006 which is 5,186,611 tourists. Among the 5 years between 2005- 2009, the highest amount of tourists arrival is in 2008 which is 6,307,468 visitors in percentages it would be 55% for the locals and 45% for the international tourists inbounds in Penang. Finally, in 2009 the total n umber of tourists inbounds in Penang was sharply dropped from 6,307,468 tourists in previous year whereby in 2009 the overall total number of tourists is 1,347,356 visitors arrivals in Penang (2010). As stated by the Tourism Minister, Datuk Seri Ng Yen Yen, tourists arrivals in 2009 has dropped from 6,307,468 to 1,347,356 tourists due to the Influenza a (H1N1) scare. On the other hand, international tourists from Europe and United Kingdom remained the same. She stated that the tourists are safe as health authorities helps to prevent the spread of the disease towards the tourists. On top of that, Datuk Ng.Yen Yen had a discussion with the directors of 44 Tourism Malaysia regarding promotional plans to persuade tourists to visits Malaysia because Malaysia is one of the countries safe from Influenza H1N1 (Bernama). As mentioned earlier, Malacca overtakes Penang as tourists destination in 2009. Statistics shows that tourists arrival in Penang dropped from 6.3 million in 2008 to 1.3 million in 2009. Compared Penang to Malacca, Penang has a lot and good accessibility and products for example foods, beaches, cultures, and many more. Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen strictly wants the state government to do something in order to increase more tourists in 2010. She suggested that Penang has a potential to become one of the countrys leading tourists destination because Penang has 191 flights from 12 international airlines flying in Penang. Besides that, she recommend that state government should put more initiative in hiring well-trained tourists guides which experts in the field of Penang history and heritage. These tour guides, service counters, and restaurant employees should know very well and are able to share the history and stories behind heritage buildings. In this way, we can give the visitors speci al services and make them satisfy during their visits to Penang (Y.Y.Ng, Nov, 2010). 2.3 The Economic and Social cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang According to Gawler Visitor Information Centre, cultural events is one of the most exciting festival celebrations that can pulls many tourists from every parts of the world to make revenues in the economy of tourism industry . On top of that, behind the significant of cultural events, it has its economic and also socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. There are few factors will indicate the economic and socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. Economic impacts on cultural events in Penang As stated above, there are few factors that show the economic impacts on cultural events in Penang and it can be divided into negative and positive. Negative economic impacts on cultural events in Penang are the revenue or loses generated by tourists as to the cost incurred by the state government to these events. According to Priscilla, Penang tourism sector requires approximately RM 50 million for tourism in Penang. Based on 2008 statistics, there were 6.3 million tourists arrivals in Penang and as what the Chief Minister said that RM 500,000 is not enough for the tourism to conduct an activities and events especially which is connected to the infrastructure, promotions, and also improving the facilities (2010). The RM 50 million are required in order to have events, festivals, upgrading the quality of beaches and many more as now Penang is the third highest contribution state in tourism sector. According to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, in 2009, the tourists arrivals in Penang has dropped to 1.3 million due to the influenza H1N1 thus there were loses generated by tourists as to the high amount of cost incurred by the state government to these tourism sector (2010). The money that they use to upgrading the facilities, promotions, events and festivals is not balance with how much money the tourists spend during their visits to Penang thus it would be a lose for Penang. The positive economy impacts on cultural impacts in Penang are can increase the tourism economy and society development in Penang (Jafari, 2000). Positive impacts on cultural events in Penang would be the job opportunities in Penang. In 2008, hotels in Penang received approximately 6.3 million tourists which are locals and also international compared to 2007 about 5.1 million tourists arrivals in Penang. The statistics shows that there was slightly increase of 1.2 million visitors arrivals which would indicate that there are so many job opportunities out there for the people who really need to w ork (Administrator III, 2009). This is say that they need more labors to work in such places like hotels, restaurants, tour guides, and many more. Moving on, in 2010, Penang Tourism Minister target 10 million tourists arrivals in 2014. Indirectly says that they need more employment to work in this industry (Administrator III, 2010). Socio Cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang In this part of literature review, one of the socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang is diplomatic relations. According to The Star Online, Penang Government and Russian Embassy are thinking to organize a Russian cultural event every year in order to remembrance of the Russian battleship (Zhemchug) close by Penang coast during the World War. Vorobyeva Lyudmila Georgievna the new Russian ambassador said that their sailors weve been buried in Western Cemetery on Jalan Utama in Penang Island and Pulau Jerejak. Besides that, she also expresses her gratitude to Penang State because the help to clean and uphold those 12 sailors that have been buried in Western Cemetery. Furthermore, she spoke to Datuk Seri Lim Guan Eng and said that it would be much better to organize a Russian cultural event in Penang every year. She suggests that the Russian cultural event would have interesting Russian folk performances, classical, Russian music, and also Russian food as well. Thus, Malaysi a can have bond relationships Russian and with the Russian cultural event it would help to encourage more Russian tourists to come to Penang in the future (2010). Conclusion In conclusion, cultural events are one of the pull factors to bring in tourists from every parts of the world regardless the international or the local tourists. To have such cultural events or festivals can increase our economy in tourism sector thus Penang can be one of the states to be recognize internationally with the uniqueness and amazing beaches, nice foods, great heritage and many more. The existence of cultural events can also promote and bond relationships between the locals and visitors by having lots of activities and know how to appreciate different cultures, religion and race. Chapter 3 Research design and methodology 3.1 Overview In Chapter 3, there will be 5 main points to highlight in this sample proposal. In the first part of this topic is the general idea on the research design and methodology. Next, it is the elaboration about the introduction of the research proposal. Basically, it talks about the purpose of doing this topic and explanation about the cultural events that s being celebrated by all races in Penang. Moving on, there will be a research design in this chapter 3 such as investigating the population and the sampling techniques that is going to apply. After that, it will be explanation regarding the procedures of data collection and data analysis which will be divided into 2 sections which is primary data and secondary data. And lastly, there will be a short explanation about the questionnaires design. References Administrator III (2009) boost in Penang tourists arrivals http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/539-boost-in-penang-tourist-arrivals.html Administrator III (2010) Speech by The Rt Hon Mr Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang- Launch of the Penang Investment Tourism Office (PITO), Singapore http://www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/1187-speech-by-the-rt-hon-mr-lim-guan-eng-chief-minister-of-penang-launch-of-the-penang-investment-tourism-office-pito-singapore.html PRISCILLA DIELENBERG (2010) CM: Penang needs RM50mil for tourism http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nationfile=/2010/4/18/nation/20100418170830 Ministry of tourism Malaysia (2010)NUMBER OF TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM TEN LEADING COUNTRIES TRANSITING THROUGH PENANG AIRPORT 2004 2008 http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php?ch=16pg=44lang=eng Jafari, J. (2000). APEC international tourism symposium: the scientification of tourism. 65 Korea Tourism Policy, summer, Vol.2, No.3, 56-59. Seoul: Korea tourism Research Institute (KTRI). http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2002/2002kwonh.pdf Tourism facts sheet gawler visitor tourism centre http://www.gawler.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism.PDF The star online (2010) Annual Russian fest proposed http://thestar.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2010/11/6/north/7320843sec=north

The Relationship Between Data Information Knowledge Philosophy Essay

The Relationship Between Data Information Knowledge Philosophy Essay In Information Management, we been thought about the relation between data, information, knowledge and wisdom, most of us, maybe who doesnt familiar with the information management courses or principle, they cant differentiate between data, information, knowledge and wisdom. Even these four components relate to each others, but it barely has lots of differences between them. In this article, we will go through each one of the component that finally will eventually make up together as wisdom that been use by us in our daily basis. There are widely research and philosophy around the concept of relationship between data, information, knowledge and wisdom. These components are the basis in our human mind when we learn, asking and do things. Gradually it will help us in doing our daily experiences. According to Dr. Russel L. Ackoff, an American theorist, adviser, and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, he also was a pi oneer in the field of processes research, systems philosophy and management science stated that the content of human mind can be categorized into four parts, they are: Data: it can be described or been given example such as symbols. Information: data that are processed to be useful. Knowledge: application of data and information. Wisdom: the better understanding about thing that been created with the knowledge that we obtained. Ackoff also specifies that the first three parts is related to the past; it deals with what has been or what is known. Only the fourth part, wisdom, contributes with the future since it includes vision and design. With wisdom, people can create the prospect, fairly than just hold the present and past. But obtaining wisdom not easy; people must go through the three parts. As an example, we doing a mathematical solving, the data that been represent by number such as 1, then the next is information, it can be describes in a simple equation like 1+1. This is information that we get, one plus one is the information that we know now, then the addition of one plus one will become two, like in this example 1+1=2, so two is the knowledge that we get from the addition of 1+1, thus wisdom is the better understanding of knowledge that we get, something that normal people will quickly know, the answer for 1+1 is 2, these will be wisdom for all the learner that learn these simple equation example. This is where we will deeply go on brief explanation about each of the four components. The first component is Data. In Oxford Dictionaries, data is philosophy things known or assumed as facts, making the basis of reasoning or calculation. The word data is from the Latin word of Datum, in the mid-17th century (as a term in philosophy). From the explanation that been derived from experts, data is a sequences of symbols that we can interpreted as a message. Data also is a collection of facts on something that we know, such as in term of numbers, sound, symbols and others it also can be said as facts, statistics used for reference or analysis. We can obtain data with every mean of events such as via surveys, from the objects, symbols, and also from hearing about something that related to the things that we know. These are data without we even noticed it. In information studies data is raw. It simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have meaning of itself. The next component is the information, as we all know from what we learn from information studies (information management), information is the collection of data that can make up into something that we can understand better or more deeply from data. According to Dr. Russel L. Achoff, information is data that has been given sense by way of interpersonal linking. This meaning can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer dialect, a interpersonal database makes information from the data stowed within it. If we can make easy example as to make people understand better, the alphabets or data is H.O.U.S.E, when we have all the data in term of those alphabets and combined them into one word, we will get the word house from those five alphabets or in other terms the five data. So, when our mind had been connected between data and information, we will get the information from those alphabets. And we will imagine a house, simple house like usually we seen all days. The third component is knowledge; knowledge is the right collection of information, it is in the other term, the collection of data that we conclude together as information, then from the better understanding of those information it will become knowledge, an upgrade version of information, with knowledge we can know the thing that we do regularly in our daily basis, such as in the first introduction example about the simple equation 1+1=2, we with the logic thinking will know that 1+1 will make and become 2 and there will be no other answer from 2. This is the knowledge we get from the information and data that we produce and combined together, 1 is the data and 1+1 is the information then the answer 2 is the knowledge that we get from learning the equation logic and adding ratio. The last component in the relationship between data, information, and knowledge is the wisdom. Wisdom can be said as not only understand the information, it is the higher degree of knowledge and its mean the understanding about the concept of those knowledge, its mean is wisdom is the better knowing about the subject that had been research by anyone that have knowledge about the things they already know. Example is raining, raining is the knowledge that we know by the looks of water that pour down from the sky, but wisdom is thinking beyond it, we know when raining if we go through the rain, we can get fever, our cloths will get wet, this is the wisdom that we get from the deep knowledge about the rain based on our former experiences. This is the wisdom, the once that beyond the knowledge can offer to us. That is higher degree of understanding of particular subject and having more degree of knowledge about them that will gradually become wisdom. As a conclusion, these four components are the phase in the degree of information principle. They relate with each others and without one of them, the information that are good to use can be created. Thus this is the phase that is differentiating the general information into more specific information that can be said as wisdom. They are related with each others, so when try to understand the phase, and even missing one phase or stage cant be ignored by the researchers. From data, it will become information, gradually it will become knowledge to us and then finally it will become wisdom once that fully understand the subject and then those wisdom will be use by us in our daily basis.

Plagiarism :: Cheating Educational Education Essays

Plagiarism As people grow older, they become more and more responsible for their own actions. Once becoming an adult, eighteen in the eyes of the law, they are no longer able to â€Å"run back to their parents† for help. In the case of a teenager going to college, the issue of plagiarism becomes a more prevalent and important issue in their lives. Plagiarism is defined by Dictionary.com as a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work and/or taking someone's words or ideas as if they were your own. Therefore, a teenager going to college must take full responsibility for their actions if they plagiarize. As children go through grade school, the issue of plagiarism isn’t even in the picture. All they are worry about is making sure they do their homework or read the book that is due the next day. Day in and day out plagiarism is allowed and children get in the habit of making it acceptable to copy someone else’s ideas or work for their own. It is not until they are older do they realize that what they were use to doing is illegal and completely wrong to do. They are then weaned off of their old habits and taught the correct ways to site someone else’s thoughts or ideas. This is often difficult for young adults to do, because they are forced to â€Å"break their old habits† and take on something completely different. Becoming an adult not only means more freedom but also means taking on more responsibility. For example, a person entering into college must now face heavier consequences for plagiarizing. In most cases, the school makes the person aware of what characterizes plagiarism and what the consequences are. Once that is explained and the person is well aware of the details, if they plagiarize they are often expelled and kicked out of their school. For example a friend of mine who went to Brown University was well aware of wait plagiarism entailed and the penalties for doing so. Since he was on the lacrosse team he had many opportunities to collaborate or share work with other teammates because they spent a lot of their time together.

Facilitating Diffusion of E-governent Services Essay example -- Gover

1 Introduction E-government has the potential to improve greatly the delivery of public services, making them easier to access, more convenient to use, more responsive, more transparent and so on. It also has the potential to free up resources in the public sector by delivering services more efficiently. Therefore governments are keen to push their citizens to use online services to deliver public services more efficiently and faster with lower cost. For instance U.K. government, in February 2010, announced a new strategy for the public sector aimed at simplifying and standardizing ICT across the public sector to enable interoperability and data sharing while providing flexibility and efficient services that will deliver savings of over  £ 3.2 billion per year(E-Government factsheets, 2010). Although the e-government services are beneficial to the citizens but diffusing these services to citizens in an innovative format could be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence o f electronic government in facilitating the diffusion of public services to citizens and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this transformation. To evaluate the influence of e-government in facilitating the diffusion of public services, firstly we must know what the e-government is, then, what factors are important for successfully implementing of the e-government concept, and finally, what type of benefits citizens could gain by using government’s e-services. This essay consists of 5 main sections starting with the e-government literature followed by historical view of e-government in the U.K. The next section is discussing about the influential factors of successful diffusion of e-government services followed by further discuss... ...n in the public sector: Key features influencing the development and implementation of technologically innovative public sector services in the UK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia." Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age 12, no. 3: 109-125. [Accessed 25th November 2010] Schipper, K. (2010). â€Å"How can we measure the costs and benefits of changes in financial reporting standards†. Accounting & Business Research, 40(3), 309-327. Teo T. S.H., Srivastava S.C., & Jiang, L. (2008) â€Å"Trust and Electronic Government Success:An Empirical Study† .Journal of Management Information Systems / Winter 2008–9, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 99–131. Vassilakis, C., Lepouras, G. & Halatsis, G.(2007) â€Å"A knowledge-based approach for developing multi-channel e-government services†. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 6 (2007) 113–124 Facilitating Diffusion of E-governent Services Essay example -- Gover 1 Introduction E-government has the potential to improve greatly the delivery of public services, making them easier to access, more convenient to use, more responsive, more transparent and so on. It also has the potential to free up resources in the public sector by delivering services more efficiently. Therefore governments are keen to push their citizens to use online services to deliver public services more efficiently and faster with lower cost. For instance U.K. government, in February 2010, announced a new strategy for the public sector aimed at simplifying and standardizing ICT across the public sector to enable interoperability and data sharing while providing flexibility and efficient services that will deliver savings of over  £ 3.2 billion per year(E-Government factsheets, 2010). Although the e-government services are beneficial to the citizens but diffusing these services to citizens in an innovative format could be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence o f electronic government in facilitating the diffusion of public services to citizens and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this transformation. To evaluate the influence of e-government in facilitating the diffusion of public services, firstly we must know what the e-government is, then, what factors are important for successfully implementing of the e-government concept, and finally, what type of benefits citizens could gain by using government’s e-services. This essay consists of 5 main sections starting with the e-government literature followed by historical view of e-government in the U.K. The next section is discussing about the influential factors of successful diffusion of e-government services followed by further discuss... ...n in the public sector: Key features influencing the development and implementation of technologically innovative public sector services in the UK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia." Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age 12, no. 3: 109-125. [Accessed 25th November 2010] Schipper, K. (2010). â€Å"How can we measure the costs and benefits of changes in financial reporting standards†. Accounting & Business Research, 40(3), 309-327. Teo T. S.H., Srivastava S.C., & Jiang, L. (2008) â€Å"Trust and Electronic Government Success:An Empirical Study† .Journal of Management Information Systems / Winter 2008–9, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 99–131. Vassilakis, C., Lepouras, G. & Halatsis, G.(2007) â€Å"A knowledge-based approach for developing multi-channel e-government services†. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 6 (2007) 113–124

Student Council Essay

Thingss were easier when I was younger. I felt more confident. like I could accomplish everything that I want. When I was in high school. I wasn’t portion of the ‘in-crowd’ but I know good plenty that people knew me. I scored good in most of my tests ; I was portion of the Student Council. and the Senior Council. which made me experience of import. During that clip of my life. I had everything planned. I knew what I wanted. I had this thought in my caput of what my life would be when I enter university and what would go on when I finish. Thingss are merely non every bit simple any longer. My friends and I are all in different hamlets. I’m okay with my life. overall. I know that I’m lucky to hold my household and my friends. Compared to other people. I truly have nil to kick about. But in my head. I want a different life. I want more than what I have. There’s got to be something better out at that place for me. something more that will do me more particular and fulfilled alternatively of experiencing like I’m stuck in oblivion. Trying to be honest with myself is non an easy undertaking. because it meant facing my failures and I’m afraid that I won’t be able to suppress the obstructions in front of me and I will populate my life in the out of boundss. observation as other people live their life and achieve things that I want to accomplish. I don’t want that to go on to me. I want to look back in my life and be happy of what I have and non repent that I didn’t have the bravery to seek different things. that I didn’t attempt and purpose higher. So. I am taking this chance to larn and confront my frights. or my obstructions one by one. Baby stairss. as they say. If I want to populate my life the manner I want it to be. I have to get down making something. I merely can’t sit and dream of things I want. I need to get down doing things go on. and I need to gain that I may non be able to hold it all. but I can hold more. if I start making more. Dreaming about the life I want can merely come true if I start to make something about it. I want to read this in 10. 20 and 30 old ages and be proud of what I have accomplished. and non agitate my caput in shame that I ne'er stepped up to do things better for me. If I want to be able to read this paper 30 old ages from now. the first thing I need to make is do certain I become healthy. and remain healthy. I know what to make. but I’ve ne'er gotten about to making anything. I know that I need to exert. and I’ve done it before. I merely ne'er continued on making the right thing. My end for my wellness so is to get down exerting once more. but this clip. I will go on it. Part of my failure I think is that I expect excessively much. when I don’t lose one kg in one hebdomad. I get discouraged. I need to understand that non everyone can lose one kg a hebdomad. I need to accept that I may non lose weight as fast as the others. I need to put ends for myself and non compare myself to others. Above everything else. I need to be realistic that if I am traveling to accomplish this. I need to hold the forbearance and the subject to transport things through. There are many things I can seek to get down this end. I don’t need to pass a batch of money to lose weight. There are many beginnings. particularly on the cyberspace that can assist me make this. Looking about on line. I think I will make a mixture of things. I can get down running. I’ll start little. like running or ramble oning for 10 proceedingss. so after a hebdomad. possibly I can seek for 15. and after another hebdomad I will seek 20. In between running. I will besides seek and raise weights. Like with my running. I will get down little. Above all. I will seek and non be unrealistic of what I can accomplish. Eating a healthy diet will now be a portion of my new modus operandi. I will eat more veggies and fruits and less debris nutrient. I will imbibe more H2O and less soft drink. I don’t know if it will of all time be possible for me to wholly cut out soft drinks. but I will seek and cut it down. This maybe a harder end to accomplish. but as my program with everything else. I will get down little and non anticipate miracles. What I will make is eat three types of fruits a twenty-four hours at least. They can all be different. or the same. but I will take to eat fruit every twenty-four hours. I will besides do certain I have more veggies. It will non be easy. but if I want to be healthy. eating healthy would necessitate to be portion of my program. The lone thing that would do it easier is that I do non hold to give up intoxicant or coffin nails as I do non like them. Because I do non smoke or imbibe. I do non hold to worry about giving up this dependence. particularly smoking as I heard it is a hard wont to interrupt. The following thing I am reflecting on is my household. I am non as good of a kid as I should be to my parents and to my sister. I need to lend more around the house and non allow them make everything for me. This should be the most simple of all my ends. truly. I can get down in my sleeping room by doing certain it is ever clean and I put off my books. my apparels and everything else where they belong. I will brush the floor and do certain the furniture in my room is non gathering dust. Outside of my room. I will brush the floor and aid with the wash. My female parent is acquiring old. and I know that it is non that easy for her to make the cookery and the cleansing so I will assist her. This is likely be a good clip to advert that I truly can’t cook that good. My female parent can look at our icebox. take out a few veggies and she will be able to feed us that tastes as if she followed a formula. To this twenty-four hours. I don’t cognize how she does it. but I will get down larning how. There are many things I can make around the house to do things better for my parents. and they are truly simple. It will take attempt on my portion. but I know I can make them. I’ve done them before. and I merely don’t like making them. I’ve ne'er asked. but I’m reasonably certain my female parent does non like making everything on her ain either. but she does them. and she may call on the carpet us a few times. but she still does them for us. It’s about clip I do the same for her. I don’t want to be a load to my parents. I want them to see that I can take attention of myself. and that I can take attention of them. Thinking about it. this portion of my end is so easy to accomplish. I can better my life by merely remaining inside the house. Possibly I merely spent excessively much clip dreaming of what could be that I can’t see that the life I want can get down at place. in my really ain room. I don’t have to travel really far to make my ends. It starts at place. if I fail this. so how can I travel frontward? The more I think about it. the more I know I can’t fail. This is about like a trial to see if I can be to the full independent and be able to take attention of people that will be dependent to me. My household is of import to me. and I want to be able to demo them that. and be able to do them experience that. Helping around the house is such a simple construct. and when I think about it. it comes down to being responsible. and I need to take up some duty inside the house. Speaking of being responsible. another trait I need to develop is to be responsible when it comes to money. There are so many things that I want. but don’t truly necessitate. I have a new phone that I use now. I have approximately five old phones that still work. but they’re non the latest. so I kept on replacing them. My old phone still works merely all right. but I wanted one with the GPS. with the cyberspace connexion. I wanted a smart phone. Do I necessitate it? No. But I brought it anyhow because everyone I know has one. If I didn’t purchase this new phone. I’d have more money in the bank. Although. I truly don’t have much in the bank as I should hold. Traveling on vacations. purchasing new things and traveling out with friends is merely more gratifying than seting money in the bank. The latest GFC ( Global Financial Crisis ) nevertheless has gotten me believing. including that Ponzi strategy. I need to do certain I’m smart about my ain money. This will be my hereafter when I am old and non working. I merely can’t trust anyone with what I’ve earned. Reading approximately good educated people losing their nest eggs because they handed it over to person else is a lesson that people need to larn. If it sounds excessively good. it likely is. I don’t want to be 60 or 70 looking at an empty bank history because I handed my money over to person who promised to do me more money. To get down. I truly should halt disbursement on points that I don’t truly necessitate. This end can bind up with my earlier ends. If I buy fruits and veggies and non debris nutrient. I am bound to salvage more money. If I stay at place and go responsible for the house chores. I will non be outside disbursement money on things I truly don’t demand. There are so many enticements to give up though. When I am surrounded by people with all the latest appliances. from their newest phone to the iPad. I keep believing that I want it excessively. I can afford it. so why non? Alternatively of giving into enticement. this clip. I will take a measure back and think of the five phones. one iPod. and one camera. All in good status but non being used because I wanted the latest theoretical account. If I want to hold a good quality of life and non trust on authorities manus outs when I am old. I need to get down doing alterations now. Like my wellness. it is an investing for my hereafter. it is something that merely I have control over. and non even my parents and my friends can assist me if I don’t start economy now. My wellness. my household and my nest eggs program are things I have control over. This following end is a spot trickier. I’m barely the following Donald Trump. and I don’t want to be. I need to get down taking stairss to do certain I’m in a calling that I like. that I can larn from and develop further. There’s traveling to be a batch of bumps in the signifier of rejections headed my manner. but I won’t allow it halt me. There’s merely so much control I have when it comes to my calling. I can use and use and non acquire a occupation. I may non give up. but this route is traveling to be rough. Possibly that’s what I need to make my overall finish of holding a much more fulfilling life. It may be difficult. but I’m really looking frontward to the challenge. At this minute in my life. I need to acquire my pes in the door. I know that one time I’m in. I’d be able to voyage myself better. do more informed determinations. It’s different one time you are ready to work compared to when you were still a kid thought of what you want to make. The older you get. the more experience you get. you either go determined to prosecute your end. or to prosecute another avenue. I had a friend who was determined to go a attorney and revolved her life into doing certain she becomes one. She now works as a journalist and is wholly happy where she is. It wasn’t because she failed at jurisprudence. once she was at that place. she realised it’s different from what she envisioned when she was a kid. I wanted to be many things when I was younger that I don’t even retrieve what I truly want. I want to do certain I don’t acquire into a calling that I will detest and pass the following half of my life suffering. Wherever I end up in. I will larn from the people I work with. my higher-ups and develop my accomplishments. Sooner or subsequently. I will do a move. and I need to be certain that I know what I’m making and that I will be ready for any new challenges or any effects of my actions. This country of my life is such a fuzz at the minute. and I’d instead play it safe than take a hazard. This country of my life has so many factors to see. and the merely other country of my life that is even more of a fuzz. is my love life. which is presently non-existent. There. I said it. I have no love life. Depending on my temper. I don’t attention. There are times when I wish I was with person. and there are times when I am glad that I’m non. I would ne'er of all time admit it out loud. but there’s a portion of me that wants it more and more. Among my friends. there are merely three of us that are individual. and I know that figure will shortly diminish. I don’t precisely know how love tantrums in the expansive strategy of things when it comes to my life. I mean. I know I can’t unrecorded without the love of my household or my friends. but the love of a spouse. is likely more negotiable. I can’t unrecorded without good wellness. I can’t unrecorded without my household. and I can’t survive without nest eggs and a calling. but a love life? I think I can populate without it. The inquiry so becomes. make I desire to? Like I said. I have my minutes. Sometimes I want to be with person. sometimes I don’t. I don’t even know why I think this is a capable worth mentioning in my pursuit to hold the life I want to populate if I’m so baffled by it. When I was younger. I don’t even retrieve desiring a hubby with two childs and a white lookout fencing. When I was younger. I wanted a fabulous flat in the metropolis on the upper floors so I can watch the metropolis visible radiations from my balcony. At this really minute nevertheless. believing about this peculiar topic. what do I want from a spouse? I want him to be smart ; I want him to be amusing. loyal and respectful. I don’t even have a ‘type’ . I don’t care what nationality he is. or what color his hair or his eyes are. If I have to depict him in a physical sense. so I want him to be tall. I don’t know why. Possibly it’s the girly-girl in me who wants person she can tilt on. I truly don’t know. The whole construct confuses me. After reading through what I wrote. I’m really rather aroused and more optimistic. seting it on paper makes it more existent. more possible to accomplish my ends. I watched the film â€Å"Invictus† . and reminded me of a quotation mark in the film that I believe fits this undertaking. The line came from a verse form of the same rubric by William Ernest Henley: â€Å"I am the maestro of my destiny ; I am the captain of my psyche. † I can’t think of anything else that fits this undertaking absolutely. I know that I am the lone 1 who can compose this. I am besides the lone 1 that can do things go on in my life. I have a long route in front of me. and I will be ready to do that journey. When I read this once more in the hereafter. no affair how long that is. I want this paper to be the testament of my beginning. and I can so compose my ain stoping.

Ellen Carlson

Case of Ellen Carson 1) Discuss at least two intellectual property issues that might arise in the operation of the Web site. Two intellectual property issues that I see and fall under the copyright law are the expression of ideas and the arrangement of element. Ellen will need to be very original in the creation of her Web site, as law protects many ideas and the arrangement of element. Her Web site will need to very different to other children’s sites out there. 2) Describe the ethical issues that Ellen faces because of the ages of her intended audience members. Some of the ethical issues that Ellen will face based on the age of the intended audience, is that by law children under the certain age (12 or 13) don’t have the ability to read and understand privacy statements or the risk of providing personal information. 3) Outline the law with  which the site must comply when it registers site visitors under the age of 13. Include recommendations regarding how Ellen can best comply with those laws. In the US, the Children Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA) provides restrictions on data that can be collected on Web sites that are attracted by minors. One recommendation that Ellen could use on the Web site would be that when children under age 13 are trying to register to her site, she can collect parents’ email address to notify parents that their child is registering to her Web site. Parent will need to respond to the email as an approval confirmation. Many Web sites that are for children are using the email response as a way of approval and knowledge. 4) Describe the sales tax liabilities to which the Web site will be exposed. Assume that Ellen will operate the site from her  home office in Michigan and that EPE will manufacture the merchandise in Texas. The merchandise will be warehoused at EPE distribution centers in New Jersey, Ohio, and California. Based on the assumption that Ellen conduct business from five different states: Establishing business connection with several states will create Nexus, which mean that the company could be responsible of paying taxes to the different states that the company is connected to. The company can become subject to several type of taxes: income taxes, property taxes and transaction taxes. In regards to the sales tax, companies that have establish Nexus with a state will need to collect sales tax from the customer.